Supplying freshly isolated mitochondria to the injured hippocampal neurons not only significantly increased neurite re-growth but also restored membrane potential of injured hippocampal neurons. As mitochondrial dysfunction has been implicated in neurodegenerative diseases, we tested the possibility that the mitochondrial therapy may promote neuronal regeneration. Quantitative analysis showed that injury induced mitochondrial fission. In this study, we examined the role of mitochondrial dynamics during regeneration of rat hippocampal neurons. It is thus logical to hypothesize that the plasticity of mitochondrial dynamics is required for neuronal regeneration. In response to stimuli, mitochondria undergo fusion/fission cycles to adapt to environment. Calcium intensity is higher in oocytes exposed to PFDA than in control oocytes at 18 h, showing its localization still only to the cortical zone. Calcium intensity is weak in all conditions and restricted to the cortical zone at 0 h. Neurons are highly energy demanding and require sufficient mitochondria to support cellular activities. Fluorescence intensity of Ca 2+ was measured with the NIH Zen blue 2.3 lite software. Due to the inhibitory microenvironment and reduced intrinsic growth capacity of neurons, neuronal regeneration of central nervous system remains challenging.